Nails

How to choose the right nail

For direct fastening applications from drywall track to metal decking

There’s a large variety of nails to choose from for direct fastening applications. It’s not always easy to understand the differences between the various nail types and to select the right nail for your needs. Here we highlight key things to keep in mind and give you some application examples to help guide your search.

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See example nail applications

DSH 600-22 with Abrasive blade and B 22-170

Choosing nails: the basics

Consider application, base material and material being fastened

The key factors include:

Application: For example, interior drywall track, electrical fastening, or permanent fastening to concrete.
Base material: For example, soft, medium or tough concrete, masonry, wood or steel
Thickness of material you're fastening: Everything from cable ties to metal sheets.

Other factors include environmental conditions, specific approvals and what material the nail is made of. With this in mind, you need to consider what load will be applied, stick rate (percentage of nails that hold firmly) and price.

Nail selection 1: applications

Specific task requirements are critical for nail choice

Do you need solutions for light-duty applications like fastening cables and conduits? Or are you doing heavy-duty work like fastening metal decks? What are the load requirements for each fastening point?

Your answers here can determine the system and nails you use. For example ligher duty applications can be done with gas (GX) and battery (BX) - for heavier duty you may only be able to use powder-actuated (PAT) tools.

Direct fastening technology for Hilti nails

Driven by powder cartridges
Best for: applications which require higher energy levels
Fastening to very tough concrete or steel during decking or flooring jobs, fastening wood frames or installing ceiling hangers.

Powered by Nuron batteries
Best for: light duty applications with the flexibility of cordless
Laying down hundreds of metres of drywall track, installing electrical fastenings or fastening foundation waterproofing membrane

Nail selection part 2: base material

Understand your base material to help ensure lowest setting failure

For fastening to concrete, the strength of concrete (soft or tough) is key. We have different nail classes here. All classes perform similarly in soft concrete but as concrete get tougher, the stick rate varies. With tougher concrete, premium nails perform better than cheaper counterparts.

For fastening to steel, nail choice depends on steel grade and thickness. You may also need more than one type of nail for your project.

Nail selection part 3: material being fastened

Consider material thickness and recommended embedment depth

To get the right length nail for your application, you need to look at the thickness of the material being fastenend and the recommended nail embedment for your base material.

Thickness of material and load requirements may also determine the technology you can use. For various applications, you may have options at different price points. Need more information? See the technical data on specific nail product pages or see our Direct Fastening Technology Manual.

Nail selection: sample applications

Interior drywall track

Application
Light-duty (thin steel sheet to concrete or steel). Recommended technology: BX (battery nailer) with collated nails for most productive fastening

Base material
Tough concrete (greater than 40 MPa)

Fastened material thickness
Track thickness is 0.9mm, no intermediate layers. As we have an 18mm embedment requirement in concrete, we select the 20mm long X-P MX.

Cost-competitive solution
X-C B3 MX can also be used with certain compromise on performance

Exterior track to concrete

Application
16-gauge drywall track to concrete. Recommended technology: Powder-actuated (DX) as high tool energy required

Base material
As perimeter wall is structural application, highest possible fastening quality is required. Best performing option is X-U nail

Fastened material thickness
Usually requires 32mm or 38mm (when fastening in seismically active regions) embedment depth: choose X-U 34 or X-U 40 nails

Cost-competitive solution
No alternative as fastening quality cannot be compromised

Permanent wood to steel attachment

Application
2"x4" (38mm x 90mm) wood pieces to steel for residential house framing. Recommended technology: Powder-actuated (DX) as this is a medium-duty
application

Base material
Carbon steel is used in residential framing, so the only suitable powder driven nail here is X-U

Fastened material thickness
With 38mm wood attached to steel and recomended embedment for powder actuated nails at 12mm, recommended nail length is 50mm. Select X-U 52 MX

Cost-competitive solution
There is no cost-competitive solution for fastening to steel avilable in our portfolio.

Electrical fastenings

Application
Light-duty application not requiring high loads. Recommended technology: BX (battery nailer)

Base material
Cable fastening is usually done on ceilings, so large aggregates in the slab will be closer to ceiling surface. To avoid spalling and ensure highest fastening quality, use X-P nails

Fastened material thickness
Plastic and metal electrical fasteners usually have a hole for the fastening element. Here we need to use a 20mm nail, but it there is a big stand-off, this can be shortened to 17mm. If there is too much spalling of concrete – we recommend increasing nail length to X-P 20 or X-P 24, to improve fastening quality.

Cost-competitive solution
X-C B3 MX can be used with certain compromise on stick rate

Temporary wood to concrete

Application
Recommended technology: Powder-actuated (DX) as high tool energy required

Base material
Fastening of formstops and temporary barriers usually done to fresh concrete, so standard X-C fasteners should provide good stick rate

Fastened material thickness
To attach a 20mm wood piece you need to ensure minimum 22mm nail embedment in concrete – so you need to have a nail longer than 42 mm. X-C 42 is the right choice.

Alternative solution
If concrete is not as fresh and you are looking for ways to improve stick rate, try our premium X-U nail.

Metal roof decking

Application
Careful selection of nails is particularly important for fastening of metal deck over the roof of steel-based buildings. The nails need enough load bearing capacity to withstand the weight of the deck when subject to wind, snow and other types of loads. This is especially true with diaphragm design.

Base material
Key factors are thickness and steel grade of the structure we are planning to attach the deck to. Is it a 6 mm bar joist or 12 mm I beam? If it is a bar joist our best performing solution is X-HSN 24.

Fastened material thickness
Since we only have X-HSN in one length we need to make sure that we respect the maximum allowed fastened material thickness.

Cost-competitive solution
For such a critical application, you need maximum nail performance: the X-HSN 24.

_{Legal note: All applications and calculations listed above are intended as a guide only. The final choice of nail is the customer's decision and strict adherance to operating instructions and other technical data supplied by Hilti during nail installation is required.}

Why choose Hilti nails for direct fastening?

Up to 5 times faster

When combined with our direct fastening tools, our nails can help you be more productive than with traditional time consuming methods such as drilling and anchoring, or welding, clamping and bolting.

Tackle multiple applications

Our nails can be used with three direct fastening technologies, providing the right amount of energy to suit most applications, from fastening drywall track to framing or formwork, all in one cordless tool.

More safety on the jobsite

Fasten more quickly and safely on a wide range of surfaces, even tough concrete or high-strength steel. No drilling reduces the dust and noise onsite, plus our cordless systems mean no cables to trip over.

Nails for your project needs

With our color-coded multiline approach, you can easily choose from Standard, Premium or Ultimate options depending on your project needs.

FAQs – Hilti nails

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